Sample Requirements:
Clean-catch midstream, random or first morning; Clean-catch midstream; Freshly collected; Fresh, clean-catch sample; Fresh sample; First morning preferred; First morning sample preferred; Protect from light
Purpose:
Assess hydration status and presence of abnormal substances; Evaluate for infection or crystal presence; Detect unusual odors related to infections or metabolic conditions; Assess acidity/alkalinity; useful in UTI or kidney stone evaluation; Measure concentration ability of kidneys; Detect kidney damage or disease; Screen for diabetes mellitus; Evaluate fat metabolism or diabetic ketoacidosis; Screen for hematuria, trauma, or hemolysis; Indicate white blood cells and infection; Detect bacterial infection, especially gram-negative bacteria; Screen for liver disease or bile duct obstruction; Evaluate liver function or hemolysis
High Levels:
Dark yellow to brown (dehydration, liver issues); Cloudy (WBCs, bacteria, crystals); Foul, fruity, or ammonia-like; >8 (UTI, alkalosis); >1.030 (dehydration); Positive (proteinuria); Positive (glycosuria); Positive (starvation, ketoacidosis); Positive (stones, trauma); Positive (UTI, inflammation); Positive (UTI, E. coli); Positive (hepatitis, obstruction); Increased (hemolysis, hepatitis)
Low Levels:
Very pale or colorless (overhydration, diabetes insipidus); Clear; Mild urine odor; <5 (acidosis, starvation); <1.005 (renal issues, overhydration); Negative; Absent (biliary obstruction)
Reference Range:
Pale yellow to amber; Clear; Slight, non-offensive odor; 4.6–8.0; 1.005–1.030; Negative; 0.2–1.0 EU/dL